The Parisian club has now secured the season-opening trophy on 14 separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all converted with composure for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this trophy for the twelfth time in the past thirteen years.